Contents

Introduction What's Inside?
Training Techniques.
Tractor Safety Training Guide.
Motor Vehicle Safety Training Guide.
Chipper/Shredder Safety Training Guide.
Skid Steer Safety Training Guide.
Tree Trimming Safety Training Guide.
Aerial Lift Safety Training Guide.
Mowing and Trimming Safety Training Guide.

Motor Vehicle Safety Training Guide

Suggested Materials

• Motor Vehicle Safety Manuals (English, Spanish)
• Sign-in Sheet
• Pencils
• Instructor Guide
• Training Overheads/Slides/Projector
• Blank Overheads/Flipchart/Blackboard/Pen for listing participant responses and outlining important concepts
• Slow Moving Vehicle Sign for Visual Aid
• Model Vehicle and Trailer/Blocks/Board for demonstrating blocking trailer for unloading and loading on a slope
• Temporary Traffic Control Devices, Reflective Vests and other equipment for Hands-on Exercises and Visual Aids
• Vehicle, Trailer, and Blocks for Hands-on Exercise

Sources of Background Information

Motor Vehicle Safety Manual available for download: http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/library/Landscaping_Equipment_Safety.htm
Operator's manuals for motor vehicles (available from dealer)
Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) available for download:
http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/

Length of Time Needed for Training

Review and select the learning activities that are most appropriate. If all of the discussion and hands-on exercises are included in the training it may take up to a full work day. Without the hands-on exercises, the classroom portion will take about two hours.

Welcome and Introduction

• Introduce yourself.
• Remind participants of the topic of the training.
• Discuss breaks, locations of restrooms, ending time and any tests or evaluations.
• Tell participants you expect them to play an active role by relating their experiences and knowledge.

Participant Introductions

Find out:

• Who are they?
• What is their experience with motor vehicles in the workplace?
• What do they hope to learn from the training?

Questioning/Discussion

Before beginning Lesson 1:

• Ask participants what types of motor vehicle incidents are most likely to seriously injure or kill them at their workplace. List ideas on an overhead or flipchart.

Lesson 1 Take Charge of Your Own Safety

Suggested Objectives

• Identify the leading cause of accidental death on the job.
• Identify safe work habits for operating motor vehicles.

Discuss Accident Reports on pages 4-5 of the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual.

Discussion Items

• Have any participants known someone who has been killed or seriously injured in a motor vehicle accident while on the job? Would any participant care to share what happened?
• How well did participants' ideas for the most common cause of accidents match those in the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual? (Refer to the overhead or flipchart list made during the introduction.)

Evaluation
As a group, answer the quiz items on page 6 of the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual. Be sure to discuss each item.

Questioning/Discussion
Before beginning Lesson 2:

• What steps do participants take to protect themselves, coworkers, motorists and equipment when working near traffic? List ideas on overhead or flipchart.

Lesson 2 Working Safely Near Traffic

Suggested Objectives

• Identify safety procedures to use when working on or near the shoulder of the roadway.
• Recall how to use traffic control devices in your work zone.

Discuss the Accident Report on page 7 of the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual

Visual Aid

• Display temporary traffic control devices, such as highly-reflective, brightly-colored vests and clothing, clean and highly-visible signs and cones. For each device displayed, ask participants when and how the item should be used.
• Discuss company policy for notifying police, distance to park vehicles from traveled roads during work and unattended vehicles.

Discussion
Ask participants to share their most recent experience when working on or near the shoulder. What traffic control devices were used? Were these controls appropriate based on the information in the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual?

Review the charts for Work Sign Spacing on pages 9 and 10 of the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual

Problem Solving
Display and discuss the overhead "Work Sign Spacing Near the Shoulder" on page 58 of the Instructor Guide. Work out the problem and write the solution on an overhead, chalkboard or flipchart. (When participants are working near the shoulder of an urban road with a speed limit of 50 mph, how many feet should the first road work sign be from the work area?) ANSWER: 350 feet

Problem Solving
Display and discuss the overhead "Work Sign Spacing With the Shoulder Closed" on page 59 of the Instructor Guide. Work out the problem and write the solution on an overhead, chalkboard or flipchart. (When participants are working on the shoulder of a highway with 10 foot lanes and a posted speed limit of 50 mph, how any feet should the shoulder taper be?) ANSWER: about 167 feet

Hands-on Exercise
In a safe area, such as a private road or parking lot on the company's property, have participants set up a roadside work area using traffic cones and flaggers, as appropriate. Ensure all participants wear brightly-colored reflective vests and any other safety equipment that the organization requires for this type of work.

Evaluation
Answer the quiz items in the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual individually or as a class. Be sure to discuss each item.

Lesson 3 Safety Starts Before the Engine

Suggested Objectives

• Identify safety procedures to use when working on or near the shoulder of the roadway.
• Recall how to use traffic control devices in your work zone.

Ask a volunteer to read and discuss the Accident Report on page 12 of the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual

Discussion Items

• What is the company policy for daily safety inspection?
• Discuss any problems participants found in the last week while performing daily start-up inspections. What steps were taken to fix these problems? Could these problems have caused serious injury or death had they not been fixed?

Visual Aid
Display and discuss the overhead "Safety Belts Save Lives" provided on pages 60 of the Instructor Guide. Ask participants to discuss and answer the fill-in the blank items. ANSWER KEY: half, hips, neck, face

Analysis
Instruct participants to look at the safe starting and shut-down in the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual. Ask them to write a (+) sign next to the procedure if they usually do it and a (-) sign if they seldom do it. Discuss the procedures that are hardest to do.

Visual Aid
Display and discuss overheads of "How To Park On Hills" provided on pages 61-63 of this manual. Ask participants to write the numbers 1-3 in the column on the right side of page 13 of the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual. For each item, display the overhead and ask participants to write "a" or "b" to identify the correct wheel position. Participants can check their answers with the answer key provided on page 64 of the Instructor Guide. Be sure to discuss each item.

Visual Aid
Display and discuss overhead "What's Wrong With This Picture?" provided on page 65 of the Instructor Guide. Ask participants to identify and discuss all safety problems in the overhead. Check participants answers with the answer key provided on page 66 of the Instructor Guide.

Evaluation
Answer the quiz items in the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual individually or as a class. Be sure to discuss each item.

Hands-on Exercise
As a group or individually, inspect a motor vehicle using a checklist such as this.

Lesson 4 Protect Yourself While Driving

Suggested Objectives

• Identify safety procedures to use when working on or near the shoulder of the roadway.
• Recall how to use traffic control devices in your work zone.

Discuss Accident Reports on pages 16 -17 of the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual

Discussion
Ask participants to look at the protect yourself tips on page 17 of the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual. Can participants recall a close call or accident they witnessed that relates to one of these tips?

Discuss the Traffic Signs on page 18 of the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual

Contest
Divide the class into groups. Display the contest items provided on pages 67-68 of the instructor guide. In turn, ask each group a multiple choice or true/false question from the overheads. Each group gets one point for every correct answer. If a group misses a question, allow the next group to answer it for a point. Keep track of points and recognize the winning group. Use the questions as opportunities to discuss the training material. Answer key provided on page 69 of the Instructor Guide.

Discussion Items

• What distractions do participants experience while driving motor vehicles?
• How can they work to minimize and eliminate distractions in motor vehicles?

Discuss the Traffic Signs on page 18 of the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual

Contest
Divide the class into groups. Display the contest items provided on pages 67-68 of the instructor guide. In turn, ask each group a multiple choice or true/false question from the overheads. Each group gets one point for every correct answer. If a group misses a question, allow the next group to answer it for a point. Keep track of points and recognize the winning group. Use the questions as opportunities to discuss the training material. Answer key provided on page 69 of the Instructor Guide.

Discussion Items

• What distractions do participants experience while driving motor vehicles?
• How can they work to minimize and eliminate distractions in motor vehicles?

Discuss pavement markings on page 20 of the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual

Case Studies
Break the class into small groups of 3-5 participants. Provide each group with one of the scenarios from pg 72-74 of the Instructor Guide. Ask each group to answer the question in their scenario, using the information in Lesson 4 of the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual. If there are more than three groups, have more than one group work on the same scenario. Monitor the progress of the groups. Bring the class back together and ask for a representative from each group to read their problem and explain their solution. Ask other groups what they think of the proposed solution.

Visual Aid
Display a Slow Moving Vehicle Emblem (SMV). Ask participants to list actual situations when an SMV is needed on their jobs. List ideas on an overhead or flipchart.

Evaluation
Answer the quiz questions on page 21 of the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual individually or as a class. Be sure to discuss each item.

Lesson 5 Operating Large Trucks

Suggested Objectives

• Identify safety procedures to use when working on or near the shoulder of the roadway.
• Recall how to use traffic control devices in your work zone.

Discuss Accident Reports on page 22 -23 of the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual

Questioning
Ask participants: How much longer does it take to stop a heavy truck than it does a passenger vehicle traveling at the same speed?

Discussion Items

• Discuss safety issues with the loads participants carry. What types of loads do they carry? What are the hazards? What precautions do they take?
• Divide the class into 3 groups. Assign each group a section from Lesson 5. Ask each group to discuss an example from their own experience that relates to their section. Have each group report back for a class discussion.

Discuss Accident Reports on page 24 -25 of the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual

Analysis
Have each participant circle the items they always follow from the safe dumping checklist on page 25 of the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual. As a group, discuss the items that are hardest to do.

Evaluation
Answer the quiz questions on page 26 of the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual individually or as a class. Be sure to discuss each item.

Hands-on Exercise
In a safe area with adequate supervision, have each participant complete a hands-on exercise with a dump truck by following the safe dumping checklist on page 25 of the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual.

Questioning/Discussion
Before beginning Lesson 6:

• Has any participant known someone who has been injured hitching or unhitching a trailer? Would they care to share what happened?

Lesson 6 Pulling Trailers

Suggested Objectives

• Identify the leading cause of accidental death on the job.
• Identify safe work habits for operating motor vehicles.

Discuss the Accident Report on page 27 of Motor Vehicle Safety Manual

Analysis
Have participants think about the last time they hitched/unhitched a trailer. Using the information under safe hitching and unhitching in Lesson 6 have participants circle the items they followed. As a group discuss any items that were neglected. Ask participants why some items are more difficult to follow and why following them is important.

Visual Aid

• Use a model vehicle and trailer on sloped surface (such as a board or block) and several small blocks to chock the wheels.
• Demonstrate to participants how to stabilize the trailer before unhitching, hitching, loading and unloading by blocking the wheels.

Discuss the Accident Report on page 29 of the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual

Case Studies
Break the class into small groups of three to five participants. Provide each group with one of the scenarios from pages 75-77 of this manual. Ask each group to answer the question in their scenario, using the information in Lesson 6. If there are more than three groups, have more than one group work on the same scenario. Monitor the progress of the groups. Bring the class back together and ask for a representative from each group to read their problem and explain their solution. Ask other groups what they think of the proposed solution.

Hands-on Exercise
In a safe area with adequate supervision, have participants safely hitch, unhitch, load and unload trailers.

Evaluation
Answer the quiz questions on page 31 of the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual individually or as a class. Be sure to discuss each item.

Lesson 7 Environmental Hazards

Suggested Objectives

• Identify the leading cause of accidental death on the job.
• Identify safe work habits for operating motor vehicles.

Case Studies
Break the class into small groups of three to five participants. Provide each group with one of the scenarios from pages 78-80 of this manual. Ask each group to answer the question in their scenario, using the information in Lesson 7. If there are more than three groups, have more than one group work on the same scenario. Monitor the progress of the groups. Bring the class back together and ask for a representative from each group to read their problem and explain their solution. Ask other groups what they think of the proposed solution.

Discussion Items

• What job tasks expose participants to frigid winter weather? During these jobs, what parts of their body are most affected by the cold? In their experience, what are most effective ways to prevent hypothermia and frostbite on the job?
• Have any participants ever had problems with insects, animals or poisonous plants? Would they care to share what happened? What precautions can they take?

Hands-on Exercise
Using your company's first aid kits, demonstrate and have participants practice first aid for cuts, burns, heat exhaustion, cold injury and lightning strike.

Evaluation
Answer the quiz questions on page 38 of the Motor Vehicle Safety Manual individually or as a class. Be sure to discuss each item.

Conclusion

Contest
Divide the class into groups. Display the contest items provided on pages 81-86 of the Instructor Guide. In turn, ask each group a multiple choice or true/false question from the overheads. Each group gets one point for every correct answer. If a group misses a question, allow the next group to answer it for a point. Keep track of points and recognize the winning group. Use the questions as opportunities to discuss the training material. Answer key provided on page 87 of the Instructor Guide.

Discussion
Ask participants to share any questions or concerns they may still have or want to discuss further.

Evaluation
Answer the quiz questions on page 40 individually or as a group. Be sure to discuss each item.

Hands-on Performance Evaluation
In a safe area with adequate supervision, have each participant complete a hands-on performance evaluation while operating a motor vehicle (including a trailer, if appropriate). The evaluation may include completing:

• Pre-Operation Inspection provided on page 70 of the Instructor Guide
• Hitching and Unhitching
• Safe start-up
• Driving the vehicle, with trailer, if appropriate, to perform a safe task
• Loading and Unloading
• Safe shut-down

A checklist for the performance evaluation is provided on page 71 of the Instructor Guide.

Work Sign Spacing Near the Shoulder (Urban Road - speed limit 50 mph)

Work Sign Spacing with the Shoulder Closed (Urban Road - speed limit 50 mph - 10 ft lanes)

Safety Belts Save Lives

Wearing your safety belt cuts your risk of being killed in a vehicle accident by______

To provide protection, the lap portion of the safety belt must be worn low and snug across the _____ , and the shoulder portion must be snug across the chest, away from the ______ and _____. Adjust your seat to ensure your safety belt is worn properly.

Facing UPHILL with Curb
A)	B)

Facing DOWNHILL with or without a Curb
A)	B)

Facing UPHILL without a Curb
A)	B)

Answer Key

Facing UPHILL with Curb

Facing DOWNHILL with or without a Curb

Facing UPHILL Without a Curb

Visual Aid
(Roll over image with mouse to see answers.)

Motor Vehicle Safety Lesson 4 Contest

1. The following traffic sign means:
   
   
   1. Yield
   2. Railroad Crossing
   3. Pedestrian Crossing
      
2. Octagon means:
   1. Stop
   2. Directional Information
   3. Yield
      
3. The following sign shape could mean:
   
   
   1. ONE WAY
   2. STOP
   3. NO TRUCKS
      
4. The following shape may indicate:
   
   
   
   1. Railroad Crossing
   2. Pedestrian Traffic
   3. Men Working
      
5. When you see a pennant shaped sign it indicates a NO PASSING ZONE
   True/False
   
6. Triangle means MERGE.
   True/False
   
7. The following sign shape means STOP
   True/False
   
   

Answer Key

1. b
2. a
3. a
4. c
5. T
6. F
7. T

Case Study #1 (Motor Vehicle Safety Lesson 4)
You are driving an older pickup on a busy highway during rush hour in a very heavy rain storm. What issues should you consider and what precautions should you take?

Case Study #2 (Motor Vehicle Safety Lesson 4)
You are getting ready to leave for a job site early on a snowy winter morning. The job site is over 50 miles away in a remote, hilly area. What are some issues to consider and what precautions should you take?

Case Study #3 (Motor Vehicle Safety Lesson 4)
You are driving a truck pulling an empty trailer. The road is snow packed and the wind has picked up. What are some issues to consider and what precautions should you take?

Case Study #1 (Motor Vehicle Safety Lesson 6)
You have to load gravel on a trailer that is parked on a hill. You are using a front end loader. What issues should you consider, and what precautions should you take before unloading?

Case Study #2 (Motor Vehicle Safety Lesson 6)
You need to load a farm tractor on a flat-bed trailer attached to your truck. What safety issues should you consider?

Case Study #3 (Motor Vehicle Safety Lesson 6)
You will be driving a truck towing a trailer. There is a large farm tractor on the trailer. The tractor's wheels extend beyond the sides of the trailer, making it an over-sized load. You will be traveling on a busy highway after dark. What issues should you consider, and what precautions should you take?

Case Study #1 (Motor Vehicle Safety Lesson 7)
You are in charge of a work crew using dump trucks to haul branches and debris from a tree-trimming project. It is hot and humid. The trucks don't have air conditioning. In the middle of the afternoon, one of the drivers complains of a headache and upset stomach. His face is pale. His skin is moist and clammy. How do you respond? What could have been done to prevent this?

Case Study #2 (Motor Vehicle Safety Lesson 7)
You are in charge of a work crew using trucks to haul sod for a project on the right of way of a busy highway. It is hot and humid. One of your workers has been directing traffic most of the day. You notice he seems agitated and is shouting at passing motorists. When you talk to him he seems very confused. He is not sweating, but his skin is hot and red. How do you respond?

Case Study #3 (Motor Vehicle Safety Lesson 7)
You are using a dump truck to haul trees and branches being cleared from a residential area after a storm. You have an empty truck, and are ready to pick up a new load. The sky is dark and stormy. It begins to rain, and lightning flashes around you. The wind is blowing very hard. You are in the cab of truck. The work crew is outdoors. They have a skid steer loader and a pickup. How do you respond?

Motor Vehicle Safety Conclusion Contest

1. A vehicle that is not traveling over ____ mph must display a Slow Moving Vehicle (SMV) emblem.
   1. 25
   2. 30
   3. 35
      
2. It takes about ______ the distance to stop a heavy truck as it does a passenger vehicle traveling at the same speed.
   1. half
   2. equal
   3. twice.
      
3. It is _________ safe to transport passengers in the bed of a pickup.
   1. sometimes
   2. always
   3. never
      
4. You are working beyond the shoulder of the road, but within the right of way. You are working 10 feet from the traveled way. You may use a vehicle with an activated high-intensity rotating light in place of other traffic control devices if your work lasts no more than:
   1. 60 minutes.
   2. 90 minutes.
   3. 120 minutes
      
5. Which is the best practice when working along the shoulder of the road?
   1. Park your vehicles and equipment as close as possible to the roadway.
   2. Notify local police before starting a job that might interfere with traffic flow.
   3. Leave warning signs in place and visible when you leave for lunch and when you stop work overnight.
      
6. You are working beyond the shoulder of the road, but within the right of way. You will be working more than 60 minutes. You need to use traffic control devices if:
   1. you are working 5 feet from the curb.
   2. you are working 30 feet from the curb.
   3. your vehicle is parked on the shoulder.
      
7. When driving in fog, turn headlights ________ and use fog lamps, if available.
   1. on high beam
   2. on low beam
   3. off
      
8. When loading a trailer:
   1. lock the parking brake on the towing vehicle and block the trailer wheels.
   2. keep bystanders away.
   3. both A and B.
      
9. Help prevent skin cancer by covering exposed skin with a broad spectrum sunscreen that has a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of at least:
   1. 5
   2. 10
   3. 15
      
10. You are parked on a hill with no curb. Your vehicle is facing downhill. How should you turn the front wheels?
    1. Turn front wheels toward the roadside.
    2. Turn front wheels away from the roadside.
    3. Neither A nor B. Point the wheels straight ahead.
       
11. If the truck bed gets stuck in the raised position and won't come down__________________:
    1. set the brakes
    2. turn off the engine and remove the key
    3. block the bed
    4. all of the above
12. Yellow pavement markings:
    1. divide same way traffic
    2. divide two-way traffic
    3. neither a or b
13. Which is the best practice when driving in rain?
    1. Speed up when driving through flood waters.
    2. Use your headlights on low beam.
    3. Use your headlights on high beam.
       
14. Which is the best practice when driving a large truck?
    1. Use your horn when backing, unless the truck has an automatic backup alarm.
    2. Turn corners sharply when you are hauling water tank trucks.
    3. Ask passengers to sit quietly in the cargo area.
       
15. Lock the parking brake on the towing vehicle before unloading and loading.
    True/False

Answer Key

1. a
2. c
3. c
4. a
5. b
6. c
7. b
8. c
9. c
10. a
11. d
12. b
13. b
14. a
15. T

Forms (PDF)
Daily Pre-Operation Inspection: Motor Vehicle
Evaluation/Performance Checklist: Motor Vehicle

Publication #: MF2716

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